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FAQs about free speech and music
 
Haven't studies conclusively shown that violent images cause violence?
 
Can violence on television be legally regulated?
 
Isn't it unconstitutional for the government to force TV producers and viewers to use V-chips?
 
Can the government stop funding to an artist or museum?
 
From a First Amendment standpoint, what's wrong with voluntary rating or labeling systems?
 
Can an artist sue a private gallery that refuses to show her art?
 
What’s the difference between satire and parody?
 
Do comic books face censorship today?
 
Aren’t comic books supposed to be for kids?
 
Are comic books legally allowed to publish mature content, including sexually explicit or violent material?
 
How can parents know whether particular comics contain mature content?
 
Do nudity or sexual content automatically make a comic obscene?
 
Can comics that are not obscene or child pornography legally be withheld from adults?
 
What about 'indecency' — can sexually explicit comics that aren't obscene or child pornography be regulated to protect children?
 
 

Yes, if the comics are legally found to constitute “indecency,” but regulations cannot prevent adults from viewing or buying merely indecent material. For instance, local laws could require stores to place adult comics on high shelves, but localities could not simply ban all adult comics or unduly hassle adults who want them. In numerous cases — such as Butler v. Michigan, Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp., Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union and Sable Communications v. FCC — the Supreme Court has overturned bans on merely indecent material, and has ruled that adults must be allowed access to it, even when a few children might improperly be exposed to adult material.

In FCC v. Pacifica, the Supreme Court defined “indecency” as "language (or an image) that describes, in terms patently offensive as measured by contemporary community standards … sexual or excretory activities and organs … when there is a reasonable risk that children may be in the audience."

Of course, when there is no reasonable risk that children will be in the audience, or when reasonable precautions keep most children out, indecency law is often a poor justification for censorship. That’s one reason why the Supreme Court has allowed indecent material to appear on the Internet, cable TV, and phone-sex lines, in mailings, in traditional novels and books, and also in pictorial magazines that are kept out of children’s reach.

Further, not all sexual material is patently offensive. Otherwise, stores might have to sell standard encyclopedias and health textbooks from high shelves — and even the Bible might suffer such treatment to prevent children from reading its erotic Song of Solomon without supervision. Indecency law is strongest in regulating non-cable television and radio broadcasts.

 
 
Can a comic-book retailer be convicted of selling obscenity if he or she didn’t know a particular book was sexually explicit?
 
Can comic-book publishers be penalized for publishing 'indecency' on the Internet?
 
How did 'Son of Sam' laws come to be known by their unusual name?
 
What is the 'of and concerning' requirement in defamation law?
 
How can a work of fiction possibly defame someone?
 
Which book caused the U.S. Supreme Court to examine the constitutionality of New York’s 'Son of Sam' law?
 
Why did the Supreme Court strike down New York’s 'Son of Sam' law?
 
Does a disclaimer in fictional works provide absolute protection from a libel lawsuit?
 
Are such libel-in-fiction lawsuits filed against the author or the publisher or both?
 
Did the Supreme Court say that all 'Son of Sam' laws were unconstitutional?
 
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Last system update: Tuesday, September 7, 2010 | 03:33:19
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